Offensive Lyrics Essay - 3010 Words

Offensive Lyrics Intro Ben, a child no more than the age of eight, adores his older brother James. James is in his mid-teens and is a huge fan of rap music. One of his favorites is Eminem. Ben, wanting to be as much like his brother as possible, does everything to become a complete copy of James. Ben dresses like him, eats the same food as he does, and even tries to mimic the way he walks. Ben even tries to listen to the same music that the older brother does. He asks his mom to buy one of the CDs that James has. His mother objects by telling him that the music that his brother listens to is not appropriate for someone his age. Ben, not knowing the meaning of what his mother says dismisses her comment and heads home with†¦show more content†¦Their lyrics influence children everyday and they should be regulated in some shape or form. Overall Young people should not have to listen to violent lyrics and vulgar music being produced by musicians and record producers. That modest warning label on the corner of the CD cover is not as effective as one would think. If the musicians would cut those offensive lyrics out of the music, young people would not have the idea of running into a school and shooting random people just to feel better about themselves. They would not get the idea to kill themselves from their favorite band. They would not be bombarded with ideas and mental pictures of raping women. Vulgar lyrics are all around in all types of music genres, from country, to rap, to rock n’ roll, to alternative. Musicians should not have to write music about drugs and alcohol, and sex, and violence to sell their albums. Violent lyrics are a major problem in today’s society. Solving this problem will be very difficult but according to American Academy of Pediatrics there are a few ways to help control the problem: Parents are strongly encouraged to take an active role in monitoring music that their children and adolescents are exposed to and which they purchase. Parents should join with educators and other parents in local and national coalitions to discuss the effects of music lyrics on children and adolescents. The public, and parentsShow MoreRelatedSexism in Music1627 Words   |  7 Pagesforms of media out there that are in one way or another degrading and offensive towards women. The one that is of most interest to me is music. Whether songs are blatantly sexist and downright rude to women, like many rap songs, or overtly offensive such as many rock and roll songs, women are commonly demeaned by lyrics in countless songs throughout the ages. I don’t even listen to rap music because it is particularly offensive to women, more so than any genre, making it very profane and unenjoyableRead MoreThe Case Of Elonis V. United States948 Words   |  4 Pagessomething so explicit, offensive, and inhumane. Basically, the case of Elonis v. United States is about a man named Anthony Elonis who is an upcoming rapper and used his stage name, Tone Dougie. His Facebook page consisted of him posting disturbing rap lyrics. Even though Elonis was going through a divorce with his former wife, whi ch did not stop him from writing and posting crude lyrics. Eventually, it got to the point where his wife felt that she was being targeted by his lyrics. According to an articleRead MoreDisney ´s Aladdin: Negative Sterotypes of Arabs712 Words   |  3 Pagesthe movie titled â€Å"Arabian nights†. The lyrics read Oh, I come from a land, From a faraway place, Where the caravan camels roam, Where they cut off your ear If they don‘t like your face, It‘s Barbaric, but hey, it‘s home.(Wingfield Karaman, 1995) These lyrics were thought to be so offensive that The American-Arab Anti Discrimination Committee (ADC) got involved. Wingfield Karaman, 1995) Disney agreed to change the original lyrics to the song. The new lyrics read It‘s flat and immense, and theRead MoreWomen And The Hip Hop Industry Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pagesthe content of lyrics and music videos by hip hop artists. The reason why I decided to use these media outlets is because they con tain the powerful images and words preformed in music videos and songs. Music videos help create the visual portrayal of hip hop artist that is used to promote the songs they release. Lyrics within songs are ways artists communicate, for example, it may express their personal, passionate, or emotional events that may have occurred in their lives. Lyrics also contain severalRead More Music Censorship Essay640 Words   |  3 Pageslistens to music that may promote violence and contains â€Å"objectionable† lyrics does a bad thing, families are quick to point out that it was external materials such as the music that influenced the person to do it? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This is the controversy over music censorship. Music censorship is the attempt or action taken by any agency to limit or hold back anything in music that a community may find offensive to its beliefs or values. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Musicians areRead MoreLimits to the First Amendment Essays1166 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom of speech. Although it is difficult to decide what is offensive and what is not, it is clear to see that songs of rape, violence, bigotry, and songs containing four letter words are completely unnecessary for susceptible minds to acknowledge. It is reasonable to say that more people listen to music everyday and for that reason, music tends to be more influential. The American people should consider the idea of censorship of music lyrics that influence violence. We as Americans, have the voiceRead MoreCriminal Law Assessment Of Donnelly V Dunn Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal Law Assessment In the case of Donnelly v Dunn in 2015, two appellants were convicted in the sheriff court for contravening section 1 of the Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012, whereby it criminalises, inter alia, the social issue of sectarianism at regulated football matches. This case raises the question of whether the appellants had their ‘right to know’ infringed after being criminally liable for their actions. The comment will considerRead MoreEssay about The Controversy Over Music Censorship590 Words   |  3 Pagesnotice. 1) Contemporary cultural morals can not be offended or mocked in any way, shape or form. 2) The context of words can not be used offensively. This includes curse words. 3) The context of the song itself must not be offensive. 4) The words in the song can not have a subtle alter-meaning. 5) Anything that breaks the morals of common sense. 6) Any depiction of sex, drug abuse, or violence 7) These guidelines refer to any single-track albumsRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender832 Words   |  4 Pageswho finds it offensive and degrading. Are these feminists overreacting or do these forms of culture (songs, movies, books) set social norms for each gender with their messages being truly heard by listeners/viewers? If so, how does this affect the social construction of gender in our society? The song â€Å"Literally I Can’t† by Play-N-Skillz feat. Redfoo, Lil Jon, and Enertia McFly was released earlier this month and has already generated controversy concerning its apparent sexist lyrics. The song isRead MoreAre We Really Free to Speak and Express Ourselves1588 Words   |  7 Pages Let’s take rap lyrics for instance. We know that some music is very provocative and offensive especially to the women of our society. These lyrics are opinions, viewpoints, and experiences that they have been through, witnessed or fantasized about and it is their right to say what they feel even if it’s offensive. If you don’t like that kind of music or it offends you, don’t listen to it . Here’s the funny part. When you go into a club or a social setting where these lyrics are being played, you

Analysing and Applying Business Process Reengineering - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2911 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? In the first part of this assignment the meaning of business process reengineering (BPR) is analysed. In more details, it is outlined how business processes might be reengineered to improve company or organizational performance. The themes covered are: The importance of BPR in organizations The objectives of implementing BPR The specific techniques that can be used (like process mapping) The required training The possible problems in implementation (like resistance) As about the second part, a critical evaluation is made concerning the statement of McCabe (2004: 851): BPR does not challenge hierarchical authority, but instead attempts to reconfigure authority and power relations so as to obscure them through the language of consensus. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysing and Applying Business Process Reengineering" essay for you Create order In this section of the assignment it is critically evaluated the proposition that BPR in fact does very little to question the fundamental tenets of hierarchical control and in several important respects simply reinforces them. ANALYSIS OF PART 1. The term of BPR Today the business world is characterized by unpredictable changes, under the global competition and the customers demands. To be successful in such an environment, a firm must operate with speed, flexibility, low overheads and a clearly defined customer focus. The term business process reengineering (BPR) refers to an approach that is used by organizations seeking improvements in their business performance (Anonymous, 2007). The importance of BPR There is a series of driving forces, which trigger companies to undertake reengineering projects. These are customers, competition, change, cost, technology and shareholders and they lead to a requirement of new organizational structures and an alteration of the traditional way of doing business. Organizations consider BPR as an important tool of organizational improvement, as it helps them achieve the radical change necessary for todays volatile business environment. Additionally, BPR stresses the importance of linkages within an organisation. Though its structure integrated processes are generated concerning the nature of peoples jobs and how people are grouped and organized in the working environment. What is more, through BPR peoples jobs become multidimensional instead of narrow and traditional task orientation. When the concept of process is promoted in the BPR, cross boundary teamwork is incorporated and process shifts the goal focus on performance measurement and managerial responsibility from a function or responsibility center to an activity derivative process concept. So, BPR defines process teams as an important element in the business environment where work becomes multidimensional, substantive and more rewarding (Anonymous, 2007). It can be concluded that the importance of BPR is found at the fact that it is a dynamic tool for improving operations. BPR provides a process view of the organisation and a way of improving processes. Using this approach a company will be organized based on processes. As a result, processes are simplified, flows are improved and non value added work is eliminated (Schroeder, 2000). BPR is a complete life cycle approach. This provides the scope for problem identification and also solutions to implement the successful business operations. BPR can significantly improve cost, quality, service and speed simultaneously, so important results are provided to customers (Thyagarajan and Khatibi, 2004). It can be supporte d that organisations should focus on BPR for three key reasons: Firstly, there is much to be gained by improving business process. Secondly, business processes can be controlled and finally business processes are comparatively more important than production processes (Anonymous, 2007). The objectives of BPR BPR is a fundamental element in improving business performance and profitability. The BPR objectives refer to: improved operational performance, by closing performance gaps improved competencies, by closing skill and competency gaps reduced costs and manpower savings, by application of management analysis tools and techniques improved customer services or employee quality of life increased customer satisfaction increased productivity in the workplace continuous improvement of services quality delivered quality goods at competitive prices in a timely fashion (Anonymous, 2010a). The technical tools used in BPR There are different improvement techniques that can be adopted to analyse the BPR. These techniques enable the organization to understand, simplify and improve processes that already exist, not only to meet, but also to exceed the expectations of customers and provide a coordinating discipline for overall performance improvement (Anonymous, 2007). The selection of technical tools for BPR depends upon: (i) the nature of decision areas, (ii) the nature of data to be analysed, and (iii) the background of users. Table 1. The specific techniques that can be used in BPR Areas to be reengineered Techniques used in BPR BPR strategies Decision support system and Knowledge-based models Business process system design Analytical models such as queuing and simulations models Project management PERT/CPM and Flow Charts Reengineering business process Activity-based analysis and workflow model including flow chart Design of information system for reengineering business process Object-oriented models and programming Understanding of the business process system IDEF Models, EFQM Models, Petri-Net Models (Gunasekaran and Kobu, 2002). Process Mapping is a technique known as Process Charting or Flow Charting and is one of the oldest, simplest and most valuable techniques for streamlining work. It is one of the fastest ways to lower errors, increase productivity and affect customer service. It generally follows these steps: Choose a process. Assemble a team. Map out the way work is currently done. Identify problem areas. Brainstorm solutions. Evaluate ac tion steps. Assign responsibilities. Create a master plan. Follow through. (Anonymous, 2010b). Process Mapping is an important tool in examining work flow and customer supplier relationships, which is the foundation for appropriate improvements. Additionally, it is a cost effective training tool for everyone interesting in increasing the efficiency of their organization and improving communication. (Damelio, 1996). Many organizations use this technique as a part of their reengineering projects, as it provides a variety of benefits (figure 1). Figure 1. The main benefits of implementing process mapping technique (Image available at the website https://www.google.gr, accessed 8-10-2010) The BPR training Implementing successfully BPR in an organisations environment is not an easy task, as the appeared changes require changes in attitudes and deep involvement of workforce both in individual and team level. As a result, the fact that a major aspect of BPR is human factor, it makes obvious that appropriate training is required in order to implement successfully BPR in the business environment. Companies should ensure that their employees are suitably motivated and the technology required for training is available in implementing BPR. Training is one of the most frequently used approaches to changing the organisations mindset. A company might offer the suitable training programs so as to effectively implement BPR processes (Daft, 2006) According to White (2010) business process reengineering education and training can come in a variety of ways, including: Learning more about process design at a graduate level. Using online continuing education options for further education. Attending seminars that cover various aspects of business process reengineering. The possible problems in BPR implementation Various radical changes occur when BPR takes place. Hammer and Champy (1993, cited in Anonymous, 2007) have listed the various kinds of changes that occur when a company re-engineers its business process. A shift from functional departments to process teams Job change A reversal of the power relationship: from superordinate to subordinate empowerment . Today markets are characterized by a high flow of information and companies face competitive business environments. Under this reality, organizations must follow effective strategies concerning change management (Robbins, 2001). BPR has to do with improving company or organizational performance, so its implementation requires the changes mentioned above often in a rapid way of implementation in attitudes and deep involvement of workforce both in individual and team level. These changes often refer to redefinition of charts structure and/ or redesign of the workforces roles and responsibilities. The new situation can bri ng resistance to change, so managers should examine carefully the way BPR implementation will take place. Managers should support understanding and trust concerning the new situation and minimize uncertainty within the workplace. The suggestions for dealing with the possible resistance to change are the following: Determining the goals of BPR implementation. Establishing a clear view about the changes that will occur in the workplace. Applying a direct communication method between managers and employees Checking the procedures of re-engineering, so as to deal with possible problems and find solutions. Focusing on performance measures and compensation shifts Enhancing customer focus as about value change Showing an appropriate management behaviour, through control and supervision Under these suggestions the changes in the business process, lob and structures, management and measurement systems, values and beliefs will result in a flatter organizational stru cture. As a consequence all the aspects (people, jobs, managers and values) are linked together and the organization will become more responsive in BPR implementation (Anonymous, 2007). ANALYSIS OF PART 2. In this section it will be critically evaluated the statement of McCabe (2004: 851): BPR does not challenge hierarchical authority, but instead attempts to reconfigure authority and power relations so as to obscure them through the language of consensus. In order to make this evaluation, it is essential to introduce the issue of hierarchical authority in an organizations environment. Hierarchical structures are present in most organizations today. Smaller organizations may have only two levels, while larger ones may have a vast number of levels. These structures are used as a method of communications and as the lines of authority. In an organizational environment, the hierarchy mainly apart of a singular/group of power at the top with subsequent levels of power beneath them. Members of such structures chiefly communicate with their immediate superior and with their immediate subordinates. Hierarchical authority structures are providing the opportunity for greater decision-making width for individuals and more flexible definitions of job activities. This is a challenge to existing organizational forms (Zhao, Rosson and Purao, 2007). In a hierarchical organisation employees are ranked at various levels within the organisation, each level is one above the other. At each stage in the chain, one person has a number of workers directly under them, within their span of control. A tall hierarchical organisation has many levels and a flat hierarchical organisation will only have a few (Anonymous, 2010d). At figure 2 a traditional hierarchy is given. Figure 2. A traditional hierarchy diagram (Hierarchical Organisation, available at the website https://www.learnmanagement2.com, accessed 18-10-2010) CHIEF EXECUTIVE MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER ASSISTANT MANAGER ASSISTANT MANAGER ASSISTANT MANAGER STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF It is obvious that hierarchies within control systems are a clear need for business environments. Without some form of hierarchy, a low level of control can create numerous problems in an organization. There ate two kinds of control systems: flat and hierarchical. Hierarchical architectures have a more indirect coupling of perceptions to actions through a hierarchical control structure. Both kinds of control systems have benefits, but hierarchical structure can support faster learning and a better way to deal with resistance to change (Digney, 1998) Control is a fundamental managerial function. It is the process of regulating organizational activities so that actual performance conforms to expected organizational standards and goals and ensures that necessary corrective action is taken. In fact, control is ensuring work accomplishment according to plans. It is a process of ensuring that activities are producing desired results. We can support that control is an executive function involving three elements, i.e., standards, evaluative and correc tive action. BPR is the latest wave in a series of management initiatives to increase managerial control (Gupta, 2010). According to the issues covered in the analysis of part one of this assignment, business process reengineering is proved to be a revolutionary, radical change approach to improving organizational performance through transformation. BPR methodologies aim for a flatter organizational structure, promoting the development of empowered process workers who are encouraged to use information technology in radically new ways to carry out business operations. In BPR approaches, empowerment is inflicted by leadership changing worker values and through the use of information technologies enables managerial control. Empowerment through BPR does not necessarily release control but does change the way control is exercised. Authority is still enforced through hierarchical control of culture. The reengineering approach polishes the management of power relations, when attempts ar e made to change traditional power structures and everyday power relations through the flattening of the hierarchy (Sayer and Harvey, 1997). The introduction of reengineering introduces a new relationship of power in the form of a discipline which the reengineering sustains through discourse control. In this new situation any discipline comes with its structures, its hierarchies, its inspections, exercises and methods of training and conditioning (Foucault, 1980, p. 158). BPR is an approach that supports transformation with the notion of producing the flatter organization. Hierarchy and control are still promoted and within BPR, the emphasis lies on changing the formal patterns and using mechanisms of control to change the informal (Sayer and Harvey, 1997). BPR is a strong tool of managerial control. Controlling is the fourth function of management process (the other functions are planning, organizing and leading). Through BPR managers can identify whether the organization is on target towards its goals and can make better corrections if necessary. In BPR, information technology is generally considered as playing a role as enabler of new forms of organizing and collaborating. New information technology can help managers provide needed organizational control without strict top down constraints. A representative example is that of Cisco Systems: By using information technology to coordinate and monitor several aspects of operations, the company keeps tabs on employee and organizational performance without maintaining daily authoritarian control over workers. Cisco employees have amazing freedom to make decision and take actions, but they also know that top managers keep a close eye on what is going on throughout the company (Daft, 2006). Most businesses try to take advantage of BPR concerning dealing with the fundamental tenets of hierarchical control. BPR assumes radical redesign of business processes. Many processes simply can not be further improved in small steps and require a complete redesign in order to improve them in a major way. Hierarchical control is a fundamental element in this effort and managers who desire to organize around outcomes, have people processed their own information, put the decision point where the work is performed and build control into the process, should support the view that BPR can reinforce the fundamental tenets of hierarchical control. BPR is a management system of forced, speedy culture change, highly linked to hierarchical control. In fact it does very little to question the fundamental tenets of hierarchical control and in several important respects simply reinforces them. CONCLUSIONS Business Process Reengineering includes changes concerning both structures and procedures defined in a business environment. Human, organizational, technological dimensions that characterize an organization can change through BPR. Using this approach, organizations can seek improvements in their business performance. As it was analysed at the first part of this assignment, organizations consider BPR as an important tool of organizational improvement, as it helps them achieve the radical change necessary for todays volatile business environment. Additionally, BPR stresses the importance of linkages within an organization. What is more, through BPR peoples jobs become multidimensional instead of narrow and traditional task orientation. In result, the importance of BPR is found at the fact that it is a dynamic tool for improving operations. BPR is a fundamental element in improving business performance and profitability. The main BPR objectives refer to improved operational perf ormance, improved competencies, reduced costs and manpower savings, improved customer services or employee quality of life, increased customer satisfaction, increased productivity in the workplace, continuous improvement of services quality and delivered quality goods at competitive prices in a timely fashion. There are different improvement techniques that can be adopted to analyse the BPR. Among them, Process Mapping is a technique known as Process Charting or Flow Charting and is one of the oldest, simplest and most valuable techniques for streamlining work. It is a cost effective training tool for everyone interesting in increasing the efficiency of their organization and improving communication and is highly preferred by enterprises today. Implementing successfully BPR in an organisations environment is not an easy task, as a major aspect of BPR is human factor. So, companies should ensure that their employees are suitably motivated and the technology required for traini ng is available in implementing BPR. Various radical changes occur when BPR takes place, so managers should carefully examine the strategies in change management so as to achieve the best efficiency and deal appropriately with the possible resistance to change that BPR will bring. The second part included a critical evaluation of the statement of McCabe (2004: 851): BPR does not challenge hierarchical authority, but instead attempts to reconfigure authority and power relations so as to obscure them through the language of consensus. According to the relevant analysis, within control systems are a clear need for business environments. Without some form of hierarchy, a low level of control can create numerous problems in an organization. Hierarchical structure can support faster learning and a better way to deal with resistance to change, so BPR supports the management initiatives to increase managerial control. . In BPR approaches, empowerment is inflicted by leadership changin g worker values and through the use of information technologies enables managerial control. Empowerment through BPR does not necessarily release control but does change the way control is exercised. Most businesses should try to take advantage of BPR concerning dealing with the fundamental tenets of hierarchical control. This is because BPR is a management system of forced, speedy culture change, highly linked to hierarchical control. In fact it does very little to question the fundamental tenets of hierarchical control and in several important respects simply reinforces them.

Business Programmes Techniques - SWOT Analysis as a Strategic Planning Tool Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Strengths in the SWOT analysis refer to resources and capabilities of the organization that provides it with a relative advantage over its competitors in satisfying the targeted market. Weaknesses, on the other hand, refer to any limitation or deficiency in any of the resources or capabilities of the organization in comparison with its competitors that is likely to be a disadvantage in meeting the needs of its targeted market effectively. Opportunities represent significant favourable situations in the environment of the organization, while threats pertain to the significant unfavourable situations in the environment of the organization that are likely to represent major obstacles in the organization s present market position or desired position in the future (Pearce, Robinson Mital, 2008). The aim in a SWOT analysis in strategic managerial planning is identification of one of the four distinct patterns in the match between a firm s internal resources and external situation (Pearc e, Robinson Mital, 2008, p. 174). The internal resources consist of its competencies and capabilities, present as strengths and weaknesses, over which an organization has a certain degree of control. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Programmes Techniques - SWOT Analysis as a Strategic Planning Tool or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The second possible position that a SWOT analysis may throw up is that though the organization has several key strengths, the external environment is not favourable.

The Film Crash Was Released By Director Paul Haggis

In 2004 the film Crash was released by director Paul Haggis. What only started as a â€Å"passion peace,† would eventually receive extreme praise. Many people loved the racial and social tensions depicted in the film, and it eventually won three academy awards. Personally, the movie made me consider how much tension and animosity there is because of race or religion, not just across the world, but specifically America. Despite efforts to try and ignore these differences, it seems as though they are unsuccessful. In addition to addressing the harsh ignorance that is prevalent in some parts of the country, the movie does a great job of being a perfect example of the four pillars that LaGrange College stands on. Service, excellence, diversity, and civility are all prominently displayed in the actions of the characters throughout the entire movie. When he began creating the film, Haggis had no idea of the significance of his piece, but it turned into one of the most influential dr ama films ever written. One of the main characters in the film is portrayed by Matt Dillon. Dillon’s character is a corrupt racist police officer who doesn’t care to hide his feelings about other races. The first three scenes involving him show that he is aggressive and extremely rude. His partner even put in a request for a new partner. Despite all of this, Officer Ryan (Dillon’s characters name) is still a good example of civility in the film. Later on in the film, we learn that Ryan’s dad has beenShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Film Three Idiots 1727 Words   |  7 PagesJung Professor Steve Master COM 122 2 December 2015 It has been decades since films have been evolving in a variety of shapes and forms based on either different cultural values of various societies or universal values of the entire humanity. Moreover, as films are intended in different ways that they give simple entertainment or convey crucial messages, which all affect the audience, themes and messages of many films have long been considered controversial and effective to the society. For exampleRead MoreCrash : Thomas Theorem And Cognitive Dissonance Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Crash†: Thomas Theorem and Cognitive Dissonance The movie â€Å"Crash†, by Director and Writer Paul Haggis, follows 8 ethnically diverse families/ individuals facing the struggle of modern day racism and stereotypes created and faced in modern Los Angeles, California. These individuals take the roles of individuals living their daily lives within Los Angeles, California while facing stereotypes. The cast portrays: 2 caucasian white male police officers, an African American director and his wife, a whiteRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash By Paul Haggis2104 Words   |  9 PagesCrash is a drama film produced and directed by Paul Haggis. The movie was made about 12 years ago and dealt with the racial and social tensions in Los Angeles. This story that evolved over 2 days involves several key characters – an African American detective who has a brother who is into crime; the Caucasian District Attorney (DA) and his overpowering paranoid wife, a Caucasian police officer who is downright racist and an African American movie director and his wife, who have to interact with the

The importance of time management Free Essays

There are many reasons to have time management and organization in your office; they both can lead to failure of you or your business, and or your team etc. If you don’t have time management then you will not have the time to ensure you complete the tasks that need to be done and when they are suppose to be done, even worse ensuring that the ones that work under you will not complete what they need to complete. Ensuring that you stick to a tight schedule and pushing through to the final completion is what you need to do to accomplish the job. We will write a custom essay sample on The importance of time management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Time management is important in ensuring that all missions are accomplished proficiently and in a timely manner. When you can maintain your time management you show your leadership ability to accomplish the jobs. When you use time management to accomplish your tasking, this will give you more time to ensure that you can work on your organization. Ensuring that your office stays organized and clean is to ensure that at any given time you can find a form or any information you may need at any time. You need to ensure that you have the space to complete paper work and to ensure you are keeping paper work separated so you don’t lose where your place of work. When you complete your task it is very important to file the completed work to ensure that you keep the work together and don’t lose the information you have already to complete. This helps to ensure that you keep your work together and complete. When you ensure the organization you are normally more proficient. This allows you to work better and faster. When you work time management and office organization you become a more proficient as a leader, employee or as a boss. They work together to ensure success of your career if you take your time and put emplace the program. It’s your career take a hold of it and do what you have to do to ensure success. The 4 components of Office Organization, Filing system- Having a great hard copy filing system is a must, since at any given time a computer could crash, get a virus or just about anything else. A lot of businesses use share drives which load all or the files, work,  pictures and meeting schedules to where everyone involved can look at them, and these can all become corrupt as well. But if you keep hard copies of all your work no matter if the computer system crashes you always can do your research. For example I load drivers packets onto the share drive for the Army so when new soldiers need to be trained they can print off their paperwork needed, but when they come to me I as well keep their file in my filing system, so if they lose their license or move to a new post they can take their entire packet with them showing their training. I also keep all of the tests and files needed on hand in my filing system so that I can copy at any time. This ensures that I will always have my past and future training for all soldiers in my company past and present. Pitch method- This is my personal favorite since it lowers the amount of paper useless information leaving from my desk. This is important so that information that is needed is used and the not needed is trash. It limits what we have to act on; it leaves us with future information as needed and things that need to be acted upon at this very moment. This here ensures that we have the best information for the school, public or the students at the present time. Office flow- Ensuring the flow of the office is very important to anyone and all of us to ensure we get the best results of our time being used. Ensuring you have the best conditions for you in your office so that your comfortable while you work is important to accomplishing the best work you can. Computers- Computers can make almost everyone’s job easier. As a mechanic they have the test equipment that brings up the diagnostic readings that can limit what is wrong with the vehicle. The computer can be organized and set up however that is convenient for you or to give a presentation, or for anyone to use. It can make your job easier. You can ensure proper order while using power point for presentations if you have to give more than one at time. How to cite The importance of time management, Essays

Preventive Policing Strategies Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Preventive Policing Strategies. Answer: Introduction Preventive Policing Strategies are developed for preventing and reducing large-scale crime rate in the community Krsi et al. (2016). There are several types of preventive policing strategies, which serve different types of crime prevention methods within the community. This study will critically analyze different types of preventive policing strategies citing their examples. Apart from that, the study will also discuss the strength and weakness of these strategies and demonstrate their impact on the community. Furthermore, the study will also discuss the side effects of these policing strategies. Discussion Law enforcement agencies have implemented several strategies and methods for combating with crime and ensuring public safety. Policing strategies have gone far beyond just responding to calls and service. Preventive policing strategies are now more concerned with seeking increasing crime prevention, intervention and response to crime prevention like community outreach, crime mapping, efficient resource distribution, suspect location, crime data collection and many more. According to Sherman et al. (2014), the focus of preventive policing strategies is to reduce and deter the crime and criminal behavior in partnership with the community. Different preventive strategies are effective in different situations for preventing crime in the community through protecting it from external threats. On the other hand, Buerger and Mazerolle (1998) opined that resources used in the crime prevention strategies may be different, but the goal of the strategies is unique and directed towards major crim e prevention in the community. Hotspot policing strategy is actually invented by majority of U.S Police departments. Later, it has been adopted by several other countries including Australia. According to Desmond and Valdez (2013), hotspot policing strategy is actually used on small geographical areas, where crime rate is concentrated. Moreover, such police preventive strategies are actually in urban areas, where crime rate is highly frequent. On the other hand, Weisburd and Telep (2014) opined that hotspot preventive strategies are mostly used in the small geographical areas, where the crime rate is highly predictable and frequent, which is at least over a one period (pp. 200-220). In this strategy, the law enforcement agencies are focused on limiting the police resources in the areas, where the frequency of crime rate is quite higher. As per, Braga, Papachristos and Hureau (2014) the appeal of hotspot strategy relies on reduction of overall crime rate of city through focusing on small hotspot areas. Furthermore, this preventive strategy also uses various forms of crime mapping for identifying the crime towards effective prevention. While considering the example of hotspot policing strategy, it can be seen that hotspot policing strategy is mainly used in Drug Market Intervention of Australia for preventing drug usage and sell in some specific areas. Hotspot prevention strategy is used for improving the quality of life of the community through reducing the rate of crime occurrence in a small geographical area. According to Gill et al. (2014), hotspot policing uses advance software technology for predicting the crime to be occurred. Furthermore, this strategy is also popular for digging deeper of the crime for finding accurate solution for crime prevention. However, Camacho, Lee and Smith (2016) opined that hotspot prevention strategy is only limited to small geographical area. Therefore, it cannot solve the bigger crime issue for large geographical areas. Furthermore, the limited resources of hotspot strategy may also hamper the crime prevention effectiveness of specific area. Zero Tolerance policing is strict non-discretionary law enforcement approach, which is thought to be tough on crime. Under this police preventive approach, the police enforce every aspect of law. According to Davis (2013), zero tolerance policy is the police preventive strategy, which imposes strict punishment upon infraction of stated rules. The intension of this law is to eliminate undesirable conduct from the community. On the other hand, Bornstein (2015) opined that zero tolerance policy forbid the person having authority to change the punishment for the crime for fitting circumstances subjectively. Moreover, this preventive strategy pays closer attention to the minor offences for enhancing the quality of life of the community people. Such minor offences are like graffiti, public drinking, drink driving, vagrancy, begging and many more. While considering the example of zero tolerance policy, it has been found that the police force of Australia uses zero tolerance preventive strat egy for preventing the drink driving in South Australia. Zero tolerance policing always enhance the quality of the people in the community through minimizing even the minor offence. According to Davis (2013), zero tolerance policy is highly effective for preventing even minor offenses, which can later be taken the shape of large crime. Moreover, this strategy is popular for its protection to the potentiality of large-scale crime. However, Bornstein (2015) opined that zero tolerance policing strategy has nothing to prevent the large-scale crime. Therefore, it is limited to protect the community from large-scale crime. Furthermore, this policing preventive strategy has also some side effects, which can affect the community people. Moreover, punishing the people even for minor offense can enhance their anger level, which can in turn enhance their tendency to conduct large-scale crime. Problem-oriented policing involves identification and analysis of specific crime and disorder problems for developing specific response strategies. According to Corsaro, Brunson and McGarrell (2013), police force uses problem-oriented policing for proactively identifying the underlying problems towards reducing the crime and disorders from their roots. The police forces are expected to analyze the specific problem of the community systematically and search for resolving the problem completely by analyzing the impact of the efforts. On the other hand, Cameron (1990) opined that problem-oriented policing majorly focuses on identification for repeatedly occurring incidents in the community and resolving that repeatedly occurring crime in the community (pp. 477-512). While considering the example of problem-oriented policing, it can be seen that the police force of Australia uses problem-oriented policing strategy for responding to the complaints of illegal drug use and sales on a regula r basis in Australia. Problem-oriented policing strategy effectively builds police community relation through involving the community in finding the repeatedly occurring crime. This police preventive strategy actually provides long lasting and improves quality for the community people through resolving a specific repeatedly occurring crime. According to Corsaro, Brunson and McGarrell (2013), Problem-oriented policing strategy is extremely popular in the community because of its ability towards resolving the repeatedly occurring crime from its root. This strategy is also advantageous for accurately identifying the pattern a specific crime and providing best solution to its. However, Mazerolle, Darroch and White (2013) opined that Problem-oriented policing strategy is limited to identify the root of the repeatedly occurring crime, if the crime is displaced from one region to other. Moreover, the police forces are generally reluctant to identify the crime within their region. However, they are reluctant to i ndentify the crime, when it is displaced to another region. Furthermore, problem-oriented policing strategy is also limited to deal with minor crimes in the community. While considering the side effect of this preventive strategy, it can create unnecessary threats within community people even if there is actually no crime at all. Predictive policing preventive strategy involves usage of mathematical, analytical and predictive techniques in law enforcement towards identifying potential criminal activities. Mohler et al. (2015) pointed out that Predictive policing uses innovative approach of preventing crime before it starts. The method of predictive strategy incorporates both small-scale and large-scale crime in the community. According to Choi and Lee (2016), predictive strategy mostly uses crime mapping tool for assessing the potentiality of the crime to be occurred in the community. Moreover, crime mapping needs some historical data related to the potential crime. In such situation, the police force can collected such crime information from the community people, which build the interdependence relation between the police and community. While considering the example of Predictive policing preventive strategy, it can be seen that Australian police force mostly uses this strategy for identifying the location o f the criminals through using crime mapping. Mohler et al. (2015) stated that predictive policing is highly popular for its ability to prevent the crime before in occur and protect the community from large-scale disruption. However, Choi and Lee (2016) argued that predictive policing can perform wrong crime mapping on collection of insufficient information related to the potential crime. While considering the side effect of predictive policing, it can be seen that blaming people based on wrong crime mapping can disappoint the suspected people in the community. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that policing preventive strategies are framed to prevent the crime rate in the community. Hotspot policing strategy is focused on small geographical areas towards preventing the crime rate. On the other hand, zero-tolerance policing focuses on preventing minor offense towards protecting the community from large-scale crime. However, this policy has nothing to do with large-scale crime of the community. Furthermore, problem oriented policing identifies the underlying causes of the repeatedly occurring crime in the community. Moreover, this strategy resolves the crime from its roots. However, displacement of the crime can reduce the effectiveness of this strategy. References Bornstein, A., 2015. Institutional Racism, Numbers Management, and Zero?Tolerance Policing in New York City.North American Dialogue,18(2), pp.51-62. Braga, A.A., Papachristos, A.V. and Hureau, D.M., 2014. The effects of hot spots policing on crime: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Justice Quarterly,31(4), pp.633-663. Buerger, M.E. and Mazerolle, L.G., 1998. Third-party policing: A theoretical analysis of an emerging trend.Justice quarterly,15(2), pp.301-327. Camacho, A., Lee, H.R.L. and Smith, L.M., 2016. Modelling policing strategies for departments with limited resources.European Journal of Applied Mathematics,27(3), pp.479-501. Cameron, N., 1990, March. The police and crime control: Effectiveness, community policing, and legal change. InCriminal Law Forum1(3), pp. 477-512). Choi, K. and Lee, J.L., 2016. Citizen participation in community safety: a comparative study of community policing in South Korea and the UK.Policing and Society,26(2), pp.165-184. Corsaro, N., Brunson, R.K. and McGarrell, E.F., 2013. Problem-oriented policing and open-air drug markets: Examining the Rockford pulling levers deterrence strategy.Crime Delinquency,59(7), pp.1085-1107. Davis, D.E., 2013. Zero-tolerance policing, stealth real estate development, and the transformation of public space: Evidence from Mexico City.Latin American Perspectives,40(2), pp.53-76. Desmond, M. and Valdez, N., 2013. Unpolicing the urban poor: Consequences of third-party policing for inner-city women.American Sociological Review,78(1), pp.117-141. Gill, C., Weisburd, D., Telep, C.W., Vitter, Z. and Bennett, T., 2014. Community-oriented policing to reduce crime, disorder and fear and increase satisfaction and legitimacy among citizens: a systematic review.Journal of Experimental Criminology,10(4), pp.399-428. Krsi, A., Kerr, T., Taylor, C., Rhodes, T. and Shannon, K., 2016. They won't change it back in their heads that we're trash: the intersection of sex work?related stigma and evolving policing strategies.Sociology of health illness,38(7), pp.1137-1150. Mazerolle, L., Darroch, S. and White, G., 2013. Leadership in problem-oriented policing.Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies Management,36(3), pp.543-560. Mohler, G.O., Short, M.B., Malinowski, S., Johnson, M., Tita, G.E., Bertozzi, A.L. and Brantingham, P.J., 2015. Randomized controlled field trials of predictive policing.Journal of the American statistical association,110(512), pp.1399-1411. Sherman, L.W., Williams, S., Ariel, B., Strang, L.R., Wain, N., Slothower, M. and Norton, A., 2014. An integrated theory of hot spots patrol strategy: implementing prevention by scaling up and feeding back.Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice,30(2), pp.95-122. Weisburd, D. and Telep, C.W., 2014. Hot spots policing: What we know and what we need to know.Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice,30(2), pp.200-220.

Causation and Remoteness of Damage

Question: Discuss about the Causation and Remoteness of Damage. Answer: Introduction: Negligence means breach of duty to care resulting in damage to the claimant, and imposing civil liability on the defendant. Section 5 of Civil Liabilities Act, 2002 defines negligence as failure to exercise reasonable care and skill. Under negligence, protection against three types of harm is granted, against personal injury, harm to property, and economic loss. The concept of negligence can be traced back to the judgment of chief judge Shaw in Brown vs. Kendall (1850) this was an action of trespass for assault and battery, wherein it was held that no action can lie in support of plaintiff until he proves lack of ordinary care on behalf of the defendant. In most cases of negligence the standard of care is reasonable care, which in ordinary prudence expected so as to avoid loss. (Statsky, 2011). The tort of negligence emerged so that a person can be held liable for carelessly causing harm to another. (Owen, 2007) There are three essential elements of tort of negligence, first the defendant owes a duty to care to claimant, second the duty to care is breached, and third damage has been caused due to breach of duty. The tort of negligence inflicts civil liability on the defendant so as to compensate the claimant for the damages such as physical or mental injury, loss of earnings, medical expenses, due to the negligent act of the defendant. (Posner, 1972). A person can be held liable for the damage caused to the other to the extent that the harm was foreseeable by him at the time of the breach of duty to care. Therefore it is asserted that negligence is a conduct which falls below acceptable standard. Section 12 of the Civil Liabilities Act, 2003 lay down that the onus of proof of negligence rests upon the person asserting that the act or omission constituted negligence. The tort of negligence is a civil wrong and the claimant is compensated for the loss, if the loss is proved on balance of proba bilities. Issues involved in a case of negligence House of Lords in Caparo Industries PIC vs. Dickman (1990) laid down the test to determine the existence of duty to care. The test requires three questions to be asked, first whether the claimant and defendant have a relationship of proximity, second whether the damage was reasonably foreseeable, and third whether it is reasonable to impose a duty upon the defendant. Whether the conduct of the defendant was reasonably foreseeable to cause injury to the claimant? Whether there exists a relationship of neighborhood or proximity between the defendant and claimant? If there exist a relationship of proximity, is it fair and reasonable to impose duty to care upon defendant towards claimant? As the tort is a civil wrong and it imposes civil liability upon the wrongdoer so the liability of the defendant in the present case would be determined in accordance with the principles laid down in Civil Liabilities Act, 2003. Relevancy of the issues For imposing civil liability on defendant in the present case the essentials of the tort of negligence is to be satisfied: Existence of Duty to care: A general duty of care is imposed on all persons so as to not place others at risk of harm through conduct which is foreseeable to result in harm [S. 9(1)]. The test of foreseeability is also relevant to the concepts of standard of care and remoteness of damages. The first element in the claim of negligence to be proven is that the law recognized a relationship between claimant and defendant, that the defendant owes a duty of care to the claimant. In Donoghue vs. Stevenson (1932) House of Lords held that a manufacturer owes a duty to care in the production of goods to the end consumer. Lord Atkin lay down that a person owes a duty to take reasonable care so as to avoid acts or omissions which can reasonably be foreseen are likely to injure your neighbor. Lord Atkin used the term neighbor to mean a person who is directly affected by the act or omission which caused damage. The standard of care to be exercised in most of the cases is that which a reasonable p erson of ordinary prudence in similar circumstance would have applied. This is known as the neighbor test. It is not essential to ascertain who would be the final consumer; it can be any person who suffers damage due to act or omission of the defendant. House of Lords in Junior Books Ltd. vs. Veitchi Co. Ltd. (1983) held that policy provisions which limited liability, should not preclude an extension of the liability where the neighbor principle was satisfied. In the instant matter it has been expressly mentioned that Trevor used to conduct night trips, but later shifted them to daytime because of several injuries caused to the clients due to fall. despite of the fact that the probability of causing injury was high at nigh time he took too long for completing his work due to which the troop had to return back from the forest area at night. Anna was Trevors client and there exist a relationship of proximity between them as there was likelihood of the fact that Anna would directly suffer from the adverse consequences of negligent act of the defendant. So it can be concluded that Trevor could foresee the damage [S. 9(2)]. Therefore it is just and reasonable to impose liability for breach of duty to care on defendant. Breach of Duty to care: There are various instances where a duty to care exists between the claimant and the defendant, the issue to determine is whether the actions of defendant were sufficient to meet the duty conferred on him. For determining the above standard of care the test of reasonableness [S. 9(1)] is laid down, in other words the steps a reasonable man would have taken in similar circumstances, in case of failure to act reasonably the breach of duty to care occurs. The defendants conduct must meet reasonable standard. In deciding the reasonable persons behavior in the circumstances of a case the court has to determine various factors such as the probability of occurrence of harm, seriousness of harm, the burden of taking precautions to evade harm, social utility of the activity that creates the risk of harm [S. 9(2)]. The said factors are not severable from each other, they co-exist. In the case of Blyth vs. Birmingham Waterworks Co. (1856) and Richards vs. State of Victoria (1969) it was held that the defendants standard of care id determined by apply the test o reasonableness that is to say that the steps what a reasonable person would take in similar circumstances, and it is the duty of the defendant to avoid causing of physical injury to the claimant. Here in the given case Trevor took too long in his work due to which the troop had to return at night. On the other hand when Anna changed from running shoes to high heel shoes Trevor was observing the rare Marbled Frogmouth perched in a tree, and did not exercise the duty to care, he had towards Anna by virtue of the principle laid down in the Blyth and Richards case. [S. 11(1)] Actual Damages occurred: Damages form an important part of the tort of negligence; it is the third essential element of negligence claim. A claim for damages would not lie if the claimant has not suffered actual loss due to the breach of duty to care. In McFarlane v Tayside Health Board (1999) case House of Lords held that, the law of tort in negligence matters allows claim for pain and discomfort arising from personal discomfort. Therefore it can be asserted that the law of negligence requires the tortfeasor to restore the damage, plaintiff sustained, which was the proximate cause of the defendants wrong and it is appropriate to extend the liability of the wrongdoer to the extent of harm caused [S. 11(2)]. Here in the present circumstances it is pertinent to note that Anna sustained an injury [S. 51(a)] on her knee as her heel catches on a tree root and she stumbled down a hill side. Hence Anna is entitled for damages in pursuance of the personal harm [S. 50] caused to her and loss of earnings [S. 55(2)] Defence of contributory negligence Contributory negligence in tort law absolves the liability of the defendant to the extent the plaintiff himself contributed to the act of negligence, resulting in damage [S. 24]. The concept of contributory negligence originated in the case of Butterfield vs. Forrester (1809) wherein the court held that damages would not be granted to the person who could have avoided the harm by exercising ordinary caution [S. 23]. In the case of Davis vs. Mann (1842) the rule of last opportunity was laid which states that the party who has the last opportunity to evade the damage, that party should bear the liability for compensating for the damage. In the case of contributory negligence the onus of proof is on the defendant to prove that the claimant had failed to take reasonable care for his own safety, which resulted in damage, sustained by him. Defense of contributory negligence depends on foreseeability of harm to oneself [S. 23(2)]. In Jones vs. Livos Quarries Ltd. (1952) court held that a person would be guilty of contributory negligence, if he ought to have reasonably foreseen that, in case he did not act as a reasonable prudent man there are probabilities that he might harm himself. The defense of contributory negligence can also be taken in instances where the claimants action would not be inherently dangerous but failure to exercise reasonable care for oneself resulted in the harm. Anna had the last opportunity to avoid the harm, which was likely to be cause by Trevors negligence of carrying on the work for too long, but she changed from running shoes to high heel shoes. Keeping in consideration all these factors it is pertinent to note that Anna failed to act as a reasonable prudent man as it was foreseeable that in case she wears high heel shoes she was likely to harm herself at the forest area. Hence the claimants act was the proximate cause of the injury. Remedies: Contributory negligence is sufficient to defeat a claim of negligence if it is found that the claimant has made 100% contribution towards the harm caused to him. When the court comes to the conclusion that harm caused to a person is a mixed effort of both the claimant and the plaintiff the court determines the damages based on the percentage of contribution each party has done towards the harm caused to the claimant. The court in the case of Jackson v McDonalds Australia Ltd[2014] NSWCA 162 ordered that the claimant was only entitled to 70% of the total damages suffered by him because he contributed 30% towards the injury caused to him as analyzed by the court. The assumption was made by the court as the plaintiff had failed to take reasonable precautions against the clearly displayed warning sign in relation to the wet floor. In this case it is clear that although Trevor had been negligent in complying with his duties there was contribution from Anna towards the harm caused to her. Trevor had been negligent in not noticing that Anna is consuming wine and changing her shoes to heels. He was also negligent by coming late after he went to look for a new spot. Anna on the other hand had ignored clear warning issued by the guidelines and had changed her shoes into heels. Therefore it must be considered in this case that both the claimant and the defendant have made an equal contribution towards the harm caused and damages should be allocated accordingly. According to the principles of Page v Smith[1996] 1 AC 155 a person is liable to pay damages for all the loss suffered by a claimant which is foreseeable by a reasonable person. In this case it is reasonable to foresee that if Anna is injured she would not be able to operate her business and suffer monitory loss. Therefore Trevor is liable to pay damages with respect to the 12 months monitory loss faced by Anna with respect to her business. Conclusion The tort of negligence provides for presence of three essential elements that is duty, breach of duty, and damage. The defendants act or omission to act must be the proximate cause of the damage sustained by the claimant. The test to determine negligence is objective; foreseeability of the harm is to be taken into consideration. Herein the claimant sustained physical injury due to the negligent act of the defendant by taking the troop back from the forest area during night hours despite of the fact that he was aware of the probable harm. The defense available to the defendant is of contributory negligence wherein the liability of the defendant is absolved to the extent the claimant has failed to act as a reasonable prudent man, which led to the injury, loss or damage suffered by the claimant himself, as it is asserted that Anna failed to take reasonable care of herself by wearing high heel shoes, which is the proximate cause of the injury sustained by her and not the cat of the defen dant to lead the troop from forest area during night hour. In the present matter the Claimant is entitled to claim punitive damages to the extent defendant was negligent in exercising his duty to Anna, as she sustained physical injury and lost income due to the injury caused. References Blyth vs. Birmingham Waterworks Co. (1856) 11 Ex. 784 Brown vs. Kendall (1850) 60 Mass. 292 Butterfield vs. Forrester (1809) 11 East 60 Caparo Industries PIC vs. Dickman (1990) 2 AC 605 Davis vs. Mann (1842) 10 MW 546 Donoghue vs. Stevenson (1932) AC 562 Jones vs. Livos Quarries Ltd. (1952) 2 QB 608 Junior Books Ltd. vs. Veitchi Co. Ltd. (1983) AC 520 McFarlane v Tayside Health Board (1999) 4 All ER 961 Richards vs. State of Victoria (1969) V.R. 136, 143 Dimond, B. (2011). Legal aspects of occupational theory. 3rd ed. Hoboken: Wiley Law of negligence review (n.d.). Foreseeability, Standard of Care, Causation and Remoteness of Damage, pp. 102-108. Available at: https://www.treasury.gov.au/ConsultationsandReviews/Reviews/2002/~/media/Treasury/Consultations%20and%20Reviews/Reviews%20and%20Inquiries/2002/Review%20of%20the%20Law%20of%20Negligence/Key%20Documents/PDF/Foreseeability.ashx [Assessed 26 December, 2016] Owen, D, G. (2007). The five elements of negligence. Hofstra law review, 35(4), pp. 1671-1674 Posner, R, A. (1972). A theory of negligence. 1 Journal of Legal Studies 29, pp. 29-32 Statsky, W, P. (2011). Torts: Personal injury litigation. 5th ed. USA: Delmar Van Dongen, G, D. and Verdam, H, P. (2016). The development of the concept of contributory negligence in english common law. Utrecht law review, 12(1), pp. 64-69